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Using GIS Data in Site Analysis

Maps hold a lot of information about a site. GIS lets you layer it and ask useful questions.

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) manage and analyse spatial data. For Architects, GIS data adds context to site analysis, showing patterns such as flood risk, land use or transport that aren't visible on site.

Common data types

• Base maps and aerial imagery
• Terrain and elevation data
• Building footprints and heights
• Land use and zoning
• Flood risk zones
• Transport networks
• Heritage and environmental designations
• Demographic data

Sources

Data comes from government agencies, mapping organisations and open data portals. Examples include national mapping agencies, local authorities and open sources such as OpenStreetMap. Check licensing terms before use.

GIS software

Tools such as QGIS, which is open-source, and ArcGIS are commonly used. Some design tools also import GIS data.

Coordinate systems

GIS data uses coordinate reference systems. Data must use matching systems to align. When bringing data into CAD or BIM, coordinate conversions may be needed.

Bringing data into design tools

• Export as formats such as DWG, shapefiles or GeoJSON
• Check scale and units
• Align with project coordinates

Plugins and tools can help import GIS data into modelling software.

Analysis

• Overlaying layers to find constraints
• Measuring distances to facilities
• Mapping topography
• Studying patterns in the neighbourhood

Presentation

GIS maps make clear site analysis diagrams. Keep maps simple and focused.

Accuracy

GIS data varies in accuracy and currency. Treat it as context, not as a replacement for site surveys.

Licensing

Some datasets have licence restrictions. Credit sources and follow terms.

Limitations

GIS doesn't replace site visits. Combine data with direct observation.

Getting started

Keeping data current

GIS datasets are updated at different times. Record download dates and sources, and refresh data for long projects.

Sharing

Keep a simple data log, so others in the team know which datasets were used and where they came from.

1. 01Common data types
2. 02Sources
3. 03GIS software
4. 04Coordinate systems
5. 05Bringing data into design tools
6. 06Analysis

Scale matters

GIS layers are often prepared for mapping at a wide scale. Lines that look precise on screen may be approximate, so avoid using them for detailed setting out.

GIS data adds depth to site analysis and supports evidence-based design.

If your team needs extra production capacity for work like this, take a look at our Architectural production services, or tell us about your project.